Safe corners in classrooms, locked or staffed doors and gates and “Code Red” policies are some of the basics recommended by a state panel created to investigate the Broward County school shooting this year that left 14 students and three faculty members dead.
The recommendations were among numerous legislative and policy fixes proposed by the Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School Public Safety Commission, which met Wednesday in Tallahassee and will continue work Thursday.
The commission voted 13-1 on Wednesday evening to suggest that lawmakers expand a state law that now allows some school staff to carry guns but excludes people who are primarily classroom teachers.
The commission's chair, Pinellas County Sheriff Bob Gualtieri, proposed the policy change as part of a draft report due to go to the governor and lawmakers by Jan. 1. The report includes hundreds of pages of evidence uncovered by the commission about what went wrong leading up to and on Feb. 14 and members' suggestions for how to fix or prevent those problems in the future.
Per Gualtieri's plan, teachers would have to volunteer to participate in the so-called "guardian" program, and they would have to undergo extensive training. The proposal the commission agreed on clarifies that teachers would only be authorized to use their guns during active assailant situations.
State Sen. Lauren Book is a Democrat from Broward County and the only lawmaker on the commission. She said the evidence commission members reviewed during the course of their nine-month investigation convinced her that schools need more protection.
"I, along with the rest of the commissioners who watched all of the surveillance videos that we have, cannot unsee the things that we've seen," Book said, "and [I] cannot argue [with the idea] that we need to have more good guys with a gun on school campuses."
Ryan Petty, whose daughter Alaina died on Feb. 14, said he initially believed teachers should not be armed. He said educators at Stoneman Douglas changed his mind.
"One of the more compelling things to me is that those teachers were defenseless sitting in those classrooms, along with those students, at the wrong end of a semiautomatic rifle," Petty said, referring to people who survived the confessed gunman's attack with an AR-15. "And to not give them the opportunity to protect themselves, I think, is a disservice to the teachers."
The only member who voted against the recommendation was Max Schachter, whose son Alex was killed in the shooting. He said he supports arming administrators but argues teachers should focus on teaching.
After meeting for months, the panel is finalizing its recommendations for the Jan. 1 deadline imposed by a law that also placed a series of requirements on school districts and changed Florida gun laws in response to the Feb. 14 massacre at the Parkland high school.
Former student Nikolas Cruz, who was 19 at the time of attack and confessed to the killings, has been charged with murder after he allegedly shot teens and faculty members with an AR-15 assault-style weapon, which he had purchased legally. Cruz had a long and documented history of mental-health issues and run-ins with law enforcement, according to commission records.
The law passed after the shootings, among other things, required school districts to perform active-shooter and hostage- situation drills “at least as often as other emergency drills.” Under the law, each school’s “threat assessment team members, faculty, staff and students” --- and others --- must participate in the training.
But, 10 months after the Valentine’s Day killings and nine months since the law was signed, not all schools are conducting the drills, according to a survey conducted by the commission.
That failure, and school districts’ delays in putting into effect other low-cost or free “fixes,” frustrated members of the commission, including the panel chairman, Pinellas County Sheriff Bob Gualtieri, and victims’ family members.
In an interview during a break in Wednesday’s meeting, Gualtieri told The News Service of Florida that, when it comes to campus safety, a “culture” change is necessary for school districts and law enforcement officials.
“With so much of this, (if) there’s a will, there’s a way. And the culture has to change. And it has to be viewed with a sense of urgency. It has to be viewed with a sense that it’s important and a willingness to compromise and figure out a way to get to yes, to get to the finish line, that is not present today,” he said.
Some of the items signed off on by the commission Wednesday would take little or no funding and no changes to state law, Gualtieri said. School superintendents could immediately order the safety measures, which were identified after an exhaustive analysis of the Feb. 14 shooting, the sheriff said.
For example, some of the classrooms at Douglas High lacked “hard corners,” or safe places where students could hide out of the line of fire.
“It’s a hard truth, but there were kids who were shot and killed because they couldn’t get into the hard corners,” Gualtieri told the panel.
And teachers were unable to cover door windows in some classrooms, giving alleged shooter Cruz the ability to fire directly at --- and kill --- students inside. Teachers and staff were also unable to lock classroom doors from inside and were afraid to venture into the hallway to lock the doors from the outside, according to the findings in the 407-page draft recommendations released Wednesday.
Doors to school buildings should be kept locked or staffed, as should gates to the perimeters of school campuses, the panel recommended.
“This is the stuff that should be done immediately and can be done immediately” at little to no cost, “other than somebody saying, ‘Do it,’ ” Gualtieri said.
But commission member Max Schachter, whose son, Alex, was among the slain students, said the recommendations did not go far enough.
“We need to say more. We need to say there needs to be a culture change on campus to talk about safety,” Schachter said. “We need to provide information and educate them. … By not having it, we’re doing everybody a disservice.”
Gualtieri, however, said school districts could put the basic changes into effect on their own.
Had some of the practices been at work at the Parkland school, the number of deaths and injuries could have been significantly reduced, the sheriff said.
“These are all doable. They don’t need somebody to tell them to do this. They don’t need any money to do it. They don’t need any laws changed,” he said. “This is about harm mitigation. This is not about prevention.”
The panel also agreed to ask the Legislature to impose sanctions if school districts failed to put into effect some of the school-safety measures, including measures already required by law, such as active-shooter drills.
The sanctions could include financial penalties or removal from office, the commission recommended.
“School districts need to act now. They need to act now. Stop playing games. This is not a joke,” Sen. Lauren Book, a Plantation Democrat who serves on the commission, said. “This is deadly serious. Cut the messing around and do the right thing. Do the things that are not costly to do.”
Gualtieri also pointed the finger at local school officials for being reluctant to initiate changes that could make students safer.
“Everything’s about no. Everything’s about why it can’t be done. Everything’s about why it’s too hard and ‘woe is us. We’re here to educate. We’re here to teach, and this little menacing security thing is a pain.’ I don’t understand,” the sheriff said.
School officials are using ambiguity in the new law (SB 7026) “to figure out ways not to do this,” Gualtieri accused.
“It’s harsh. Their job is to teach. But you can’t teach dead kids. And they need to understand that. That’s a harsh thing to say. But it’s reality. And they need a dose of reality. And they need a dose of harshness because noncompliance is inexcusable,” he said.
School policies need to be changed “so that it doesn’t happen again,” Debbi Hixon, a Broward County educator whose husband Chris was among the Stoneman Douglas victims. Chris Hixon, 49, was the school’s athletics director and wrestling coach.
“I want to feel safe in my job, and I don’t,” Debbi Hixon said in an interview Wednesday.
Tony Montalto, whose 14-year-old daughter was among the students slain at the Parkland school, is on a mission to make faculty and students safe at schools in Florida and around the nation.
“Quite frankly, when the school boards and the school districts don’t take this seriously, it infuriates us,” Montalto, president of Stand with Parkland, said in an interview Wednesday. “I would just like to remind them, as a parent who lost a daughter and all of us who lost spouses, we would remind them that this could happen anywhere. There’s a bond of trust in general between the families that send their kids to school and the school board and the security folks that are responsible for them. And, unfortunately, when you have an incident like this, that bond of trust is broken. And it’s incumbent on the school board and the security folks to repair it.”