Iraq's ancient heritage has earned a recognition that archaeologists and Middle East experts have long sought: Babylon has been added to the United Nations' list of World Heritage sites.
UNESCO said its World Heritage Committee voted Friday to add Babylon, located south of Baghdad, to its list of about 1,000 World Heritage sites worldwide. The more than 4,000-year-old site was once the capital of the Babylonian Empire.
"It includes villages and agricultural areas surrounding the ancient city. Its remains, outer and inner-city walls, gates, palaces and temples, are a unique testimony to one of the most influential empires of the ancient world," U.N. officials wrote in their announcement, which set off jubilation in Iraq on Friday.
"There were a fair number of people around the entrance of Babylon tonight who just wanted to be near the place. There was a bus full of local government officials who showed up to get their picture at the site," said American conservationist Jeff Allen with The World Monuments Project, speaking from Babylon.
"They're having a bit of a celebration in the streets. People are out and about town, riding in their cars, being happy and glad that they're Iraqi. And that's a wonderful thing that this is doing for them," he said.
Babylon, a city condemned in the Bible and a source of black magic in the Quran, has been ravaged by war and neglect. For decades, preservationists have pushed for the site to be restored.
In the 1920s, the British built a railway through the historic site. Oil and gas lines have also been laid through the area in recent years.
Saddam Hussein attempted to rebuild some of the ruins of Babylon with modern bricks, which was criticized by archaeologists. He even built an immense palace on the ancient site overlooking the Tigris River. After the U.S. invasion of Iraq in 2003, military helicopters landed directly on the site.
UNESCO said in a 2009 report that U.S. troops and contractors in Iraq inflicted extensive damage on Babylon, driving heavy vehicles over sacred paths and bulldozing hilltops on what the U.N. called "unquestionably one of the most important archeological sites in the world."
Officials wrote that U.S. military contractors "caused major damage to the city by digging, cutting, scraping, and leveling."
The site has also been subjected to decades of looting.
Groups including the World Monuments Fund have been working for over a decade to protect and restore Babylon and its mud-brick ruins, but the fund notes there have been many challenges, including "repairing damage caused by military occupations, assessing effects of twentieth-century reconstructions, halting illegal encroachments."
Iraqi authorities have long hoped the treasured historic site could became a go-to cultural hallmark both for Iraqis and for international tourists, part of a push to draw visitors to Iraq's thousands of heritage sites after the government declared victory over the Islamic State in 2017.
The U.S. State Department cautions Americans not to travel to Iraq, noting "terrorism, kidnapping and armed conflict."
Large-scale exploration has not been launched in Babylon in a century, and the 2009 UNESCO report says archaeologists believe a great extent of the city's history remains to be discovered.
"Some parts of the city have been uncovered but much remains buried beneath the earth," officials wrote. "There is still a great deal to discover about ancient Babylon."
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.
