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In the 1950's and 1960's, South Africa's National Party developed apartheid into an increasingly repressive political philosophy. The African National Congress was forced underground. Part Two of Joe Richman and Sue Johnson's series "Mandela: An Audio History" recalls the political history of the period, culminating with the arrest, trial and conviction of Nelson Mandela.

Ousted Haitian president Jean-Bertrand Aristide left his exile in Africa to take up temporary residence in Jamaica. The Jamaican government says Aristide has not been granted asylum, and can stay for less than three months. Haiti's interim leader has suspended relations with Jamaica over the issue, recalling the Haitian ambassador from Kingston. NPR's Gerry Hadden reports.

Numerous organizations are trying to advance a United Nations call to get medicines to developing countries, but the challenges of following through on such health initiatives are formidable. In Africa, nearly 30 million people are living with HIV, but only 2 percent of people who need AIDS treatment receive it. NPR's Brenda Wilson reports.

European film aficionados are noting a resurgence in North Africa's film industry. But Algerian producers and critics say the war-battered and repressive country still has a long way to go to regain the form that produced such classics as The Battle of Algiers in the 1960s.

NPR's Alex Chadwick talks with Rep. Ed Royce (R-CA), chairman of the Congressional Subcommittee on Africa of the House International Relations Committee, about how the U.S. government and the international community are responding to allegations of ethnic cleansing of black Africans by the Arab-dominated government of Sudan.

NPR's Sarah Chayes reports from Paris that French authorities have jailed a son of the late president Francois Mitterrand on suspicion of illegal arms sales to Angola. Jean-Christophe Mitterrand, once his father's adviser for African affairs, is being investigated for influence peddling, complicity in arms trafficking and money laundering. The jailing of Jean-Christophe Mitterrand has raised questions about France's long and complicated history of ties with Africa.

Christmas means church services, special meals and extra refreshments for U.S. troops at Camp Le Monier in the East African nation of Djibouti. It's a brief break from their mission, which is to search for al Qaeda operatives in the Horn of Africa. NPR's Eric Westervelt reports.

Host Renee Montagne speaks with two authors whose new stories for young readers are both set against the backdrop of racism and repression. Author Anton Ferreira reads from his book, Zulu Dog, set in South Africa, and author Julia Alvarez reads from Before We Were Free, which she set on an island inspired by the Dominican Republic.

In a closed-door appearance before the Senate Intelligence Committee, CIA Director George Tenet reaffirms his responsibility for an erroneous claim in President Bush's State of the Union address that Iraq had tried to purchase uranium from Africa. Democrats criticize the Bush administration and demand a continuing investigation. Hear NPR's David Welna.

The White House releases an eight-page section of a larger document outlining the basis for a now-discredited claim that Saddam Hussein's regime sought to purchase uranium from Africa in an effort to develop nuclear weapons. Hear NPR's Scott Simon and NPR's Tom Gjelten.